​ 法国，南泰尔，某公寓楼 / X-TU——Nanterre apartment block

建筑师：X-TU

地点：法国南泰尔

建筑师负责人：Nicolas Desmazières, Anouk Legendre

项目负责人：Nicolas Jomain

项目面积：13 252sqm

项目年份：2012

摄影：Luc Boegly

开发商：EPADESA

经济预算：CET

高质量环境设计：Le Sommer Environnement

声学设计：Lasa

基地面积：2317sqm

地下室面积：1948 sqm

公寓数量：164

造价：22.7m Euros + tax

垂直景观

在城市环境中创造这个建筑景观的灵感来自最初对这个项目的要求。另一项要求是进行明显的垂直分段设计，就像是打破的天际线。根据要求，南立面设计了六到十米的洞口，这些洞口通过垂直分段设计融合在一起。建筑体量被种有树木的开放空间在竖直方向上分隔开。这些划分清晰的空间将一层空间组织在一起，在露台和法兰西大道之间形成了通透的空间。

在沿着法兰西大道一侧，极具雕塑感的建筑体量被分为两个层次——较低的部分与一条当地道路同高，较高的部分与Terrasses大街处在同一个水平面上。建筑较低的部分形成了一个单独的统一结构，统一了整体，并为垂直景观提供了坚实的基础。对比材料的使用加强了南立面和开放空间内表面的垂直特点。

事实上，南立面使用了一层连续的玻璃外表面，冬天形成温室，夏天可以通风。这层玻璃可以朝向立面底部向内部分开启，形成从一个城市空间通向另一个的通道。这些组合在一起的建筑体量以它们垂直、水平和横向的平面形成了一种景观，这种景观或多或少都是分散的，但同时在多样性方面却又是统一的。

建筑整体看似由一种材料建造雕塑而成。城市形象在天空的背景下被打破了：每个体量的高度都根据需要而设定。这天生就是一个具有多样性和个性化可识别性的体系。

通过开放空间可以看到背景环境，看出建筑的进深，还能看到建筑另一侧的街道，这些开放空间与建筑体量共同创造了城市规划者所期望的都市气息：一个多层面的人类城镇，梦想拥有任何一座大城市所拥有的天际线。

立面与材料

立面根据方向和位置的不同而各不相同。南立面的双层表皮使被动太阳能获得量达到最大，悬挂的板材起到与雨篷相同的作用，保护室内免受阳光直射。这层玻璃外层由nako型可调节水平板材构成，使建筑体量风格统一。条状窗户构成整个立面，就像一张绷紧的面纱覆盖在多样的居住空间前面。因此每个人都可以清晰地表现自己的个性，同时又能保持总体的和谐统一。

双层表皮使立面成为起居空间，提升了公寓的使用价值。这里冬天是温室，夏天成为通风空间，居住者还可以在这里尝试种植二级作物，作为个人环保倡议行动的一部分。将来住在这些公寓里的居民将成为新生活方式的先驱体验者。双层表皮在建筑下部内缩，成为单层立面，形成一个悬挑体量，向广场上延伸，同时还强化了建筑的水平特性。

彩色的洞口使这层同质的表皮充满活力，表现了表皮的实质。它们通过自由随机的布置，象征性地表现了个体生活和路径的多样性。洞口的深度和厚度根据立面的设计而不同，使用价值也主要取决于阳光照射下的适用性。它们温暖且充满动感的色调与相邻建筑体量的红色相呼应。洞口的色彩明快，为建筑带来强烈的个性，表明它将成为未来新一代城镇居民的居住之所。东、西和北立面覆盖了预制混凝土，形成清亮的珠光效果，巧妙地与南立面形成对比。承重剪力墙由银色混凝土制成。

凉廊、露台以及生活方式

新一代城镇居民更喜欢走出户外，享受阳光和清风，回归到绿色植物中间，用自己的方式改善环境。凉廊与温室增加了公寓的面积，在冬季可以获得更多的阳光，防止大风的侵袭，还能为居民提供机会，进行真正个性化的离地作物种植试验。

凉廊是室内外的转换空间，也为居住者提供了机会，通过不同的路线从一个房间进入另一个房间。凉廊还有助于减少噪音，提高保温效果。第八层的绿色露台的设计灵感来源于古巴城市屋顶上进行的实验，露台也为没有南立面或凉廊的公寓提供了厨房花园。彩色的露台在立面的中空部分为居住者提供了有顶的室外空间。

来源：http://www.archdaily.com/289389/apartment-blocks-in-nanterre-x-tu/

Architects: X-TU

Location: Nanterre, France

Architect In Charge: Nicolas Desmazières, Anouk Legendre

Project Leader: Nicolas Jomain

Area: 13,252 sqm

Year: 2012

Photographs: Luc Boegly

Developer: EPADESA

Economics: CET

Hqe: Le Sommer Environnement

Accoustics: Lasa

Site Area: 2,317 sqm

Basement: 1,948 sqm

No Of Apartments: 164

Cost: 22.7m Euros + tax

? Luc Boegly

A VERTICAL LANDSCAPE

The inspiration to create this architectural landscape in its urban setting came from the original specifications for the project. Strong vertical fragmentation was another requirement, as was a broken skyline. As requested, the south facade features large six- to ten-metre openings, which are integrated by the vertical fragmentation. The volumes are split vertically by planted breaks. These clean-cut spaces structure the organisation of the ground plan and create a transparency between the terraces and the Promenade des Provinces Fran?aises.

? Luc Boegly

Along the latter, the carved-up volumes are structured into two levels, one – lower – at the level of one of the local roads and the other - higher – at the level of Avenue des Terrasses. The lower section of the buildings forms a single cohesive structure, unifying the whole and providing a solid basis for the vertical landscape. The verticals are accentuated by the use of contrasting materials for the south facade and the inner surfaces of the breaks.

? Luc Boegly

In fact the south facade has a continuous glazed outer layer that forms a glasshouse in winter and provides ventilation in summer. This glazing turns partially inwards towards the bottom of the facade, initiating the passage from one urban space to the other.The assembled volumes, with their vertical, horizontal and transverse planes, form a landscape that is fragmented to a greater or lesser degree but nevertheless cohesive in its diversity.

? Luc Boegly

The whole seems hewn, sculpted out of one material. The urban silhouette is broken against the background of the sky: each volume is just as high as it needs to be. This is a system born of multiplicity and the recognition of individuality…

? Luc Boegly

Backgrounds can be seen through the breaks, illustrating the depth of the block, evoking the next street, telling of other dissected volumes that together create the new urban feel desired by the town planners: a many-faceted, human town that dreams of having a skyline like any major city.

? Luc Boegly

FACADES AND MATERIALS

The facades vary according to their orientation and situation. The double skin of the south facade optimises passive solar gain and the overhanging slabs serve the same purpose as awnings, protecting the interior from the sun. This glazed layer – composed of “nako”-type adjustable horizontal slats – unifies the volume of the building. The slatted windows give substance to the facade, like a taut veil drawn across the occupational diversity of these spaces. So everyone can express coherently a clear individuality whilst preserving the general harmony.

Section

The double skin transforms the facade into a living space, increasing the usage value of the apartments. A glasshouse in winter, a ventilated space in summer, this will invite occupants to experiment with secondary crops at home as part of a personal environmental initiative. The future inhabitants of these apartments will be pioneers of the new way of living. Towards the bottom of the building, this double skin turns back to become one with the facade, forming a cantilevered volume extending towards the square and accentuating the horizontality of the levels.

? Luc Boegly

Coloured openings animate this homogenous skin, a manifestation of its substance. Through their free and random arrangement, they symbolically express the diversity of individual lives and paths. Their depth and thickness vary depending on the facade, their usage value residing mainly in their suitability for sunny conditions. Their warm, dynamic hue responds to the red volumes of the neighbouring buildings. They are cheerful and create a strong identity for the building, asserting it as the habitat of the future for the new breed of town dweller. The west, east and north facades are clad in precast concrete lazured to give a clear pearly effect. They contrast subtly with the south facade. The load-bearing shear walls are of silvery concrete.

? Luc Boegly

LOGGIAS, TERRACES, AND A NEW WAY OF LIVING

The new town dwellers of today aspire to the outdoors, the sun and the wind, to getting back in touch with the world of plants and helping in their own way to improve the environment. Loggia-glasshouses increase the surface area of the apartments, allowing them to benefit from free calories in winter and providing protection from the wind. They also provide an opportunity to experiment with genuine individual off-ground crops.

Model

The loggias serve as internal / external areas of transition and as such, provide an opportunity to move around from room to room by different routes. They also help to mitigate noise and improve thermal management. Experiments carried out on urban roofs in Cuba serve as the inspiration for green terraces on the seventh floor, which will provide kitchen gardens for apartments with no south-facing facade or loggia. Colourful terraces offer sheltered outdoor areas in hollows in the facades.